《权利法案》（TheBillofRights）是美国宪法的重要组成部分，由前十条修正案组成，于1791年12月15日正式生效。这些修正案旨在保障公民的基本权利和自由，限制联邦政府的权力，确保个人自由不受侵犯。《权利法案》的制定深受英国《权利法案》和启蒙思想的影响，体现了美国建国者对自由、民主和人权的坚定信念。主要内容包括：宗教自由、言论自由、新闻自由、集会自由（第一修正案）；持有和携带武器的权利（第二修正案）；禁止军队随意驻扎民宅（第三修正案）；保护免受无理搜查和扣押（第四修正案）；正当法律程序、禁止双重审判和自证其罪（第五修正案）；快速审判和陪审团权利（第六修正案）；民事案件中的陪审团审判（第七修正案）；禁止过度保释和残酷惩罚（第八修正案）；明确列举的权利不排除其他未列权利（第九修正案）；各州保留未授予联邦政府的权力（第十修正案）。TheBillofRightsisacrucialpartoftheU.S.Constitution,consistingofthefirsttenamendments,whichwereratifiedonDecember15,1791.Theseamendmentsweredesignedtoprotectfundamentalindividuallibertiesandlimitthepowerofthefederalgovernment,ensuringthatpersonalfreedomsremainedsecure.InfluencedbytheEnglishBillofRightsandEnlightenmentideas,theBillofRightsreflectstheFoundingFathers'commitmenttoliberty,democracy,andhumanrights.Keyprovisionsinclude:freedomofreligion,speech,press,andassembly(FirstAmendment);therighttokeepandbeararms(SecondAmendment);protectionagainstquarteringsoldiersinprivatehomes(ThirdAmendment);safeguardsagainstunreasonablesearchesandseizures(FourthAmendment);dueprocess,protectionagainstdoublejeopardyandself-incrimination(FifthAmendment);rightstoaspeedytrialandjuryincriminalcases(SixthAmendment);jurytrialsincivilcases(SeventhAmendment);prohibitionofexcessivebailandcruelpunishments(EighthAmendment);recognitionofunenumeratedrights(NinthAmendment);andthereservationofpowerstothestates(TenthAmendment).《权利法案》至今仍是美国法律体系的核心，对全球民主和人权发展产生了深远影响。TheBillofRightsremainsacornerstoneofAmericanlawandhashadaprofoundimpactondemocracyandhumanrightsworldwide.
